What is Hyperpigmentation?
Hyperpigmentation refers to the darkening of an area of the skin caused by an excess production of melanin. Melanin is the natural pigment that gives our skin, hair, and eyes their color. When produced in excessive amounts, it can cause patches of skin to appear darker than the surrounding areas.
Causes of Hyperpigmentation
Several factors can trigger an overproduction of melanin, including:
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Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to the sun is the most common cause of hyperpigmentation, as the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays stimulate the production of melanin.
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Hormonal Changes: Conditions like pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptives can lead to an increase in melanin production.
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Skin Injuries: Acne, burns, or other forms of skin injury can result in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
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Medical Conditions: Certain diseases and conditions can lead to hyperpigmentation as a symptom or side effect.
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Medications: Some drugs can cause hyperpigmentation as a side effect.
Different types
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Melasma: Often referred to as the “mask of pregnancy,” melasma is characterized by brown to gray-brown patches, usually on the face.
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Sunspots (Solar Lentigines): These are small, darkened patches that are caused by excessive sun exposure over the years.
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Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation: This appears as flat spots of discoloration. It’s the result of an injury or inflammation to the skin, such as acne.
Treatments Options
At MD Spa & Laser Clinic, we offer an array of treatments including:
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Chemical Peels: These are used to remove the top layer of the skin, revealing a brighter and more even complexion.
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Laser Treatments: Lasers can target dark spots directly, breaking down the excess melanin and rejuvenating the skin.
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Microdermabrasion: This is a physical exfoliation process that can help reduce the appearance of dark spots.
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Topical Treatments: We offer a variety of prescription and over-the-counter creams and serums designed to lighten hyperpigmentation and even out skin tone.
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Are Dark Spots Also Hyperpigmentation?
Dark spots on the face or neck arise from a disorder of specialized skin cells responsible for a production of skin pigment. These skin cells are called melanocytes. Hormonal stimulation from taking an oral birth control, sun exposure, or taking some prescribed or over-the-counter drugs that cause photosensitivity (like tetracycline antibiotic used to treat acne), are responsible for formation of darker skin spots, generally described as hyperpigmentation. Treatment of skin hyperpigmentation must be accessed individually.
Chemical Peels, micro-needling and Microdermabrasion can significantly reduce dark skin patches and melasma. For select clients, hyperpigmentation of the skin can be reduced by Photofacials, microneedling and Fraxel Laser. At home care is also required by every client and includes avoiding sun exposure and the effective application of sunscreens. Skin Care Programs with various lightening agents ranging from a cucumber extract to creams with hydroquinone, are very important components of a treatment plan for hyperpigmentation.
Preventing Hyperpigmentation
While treating hyperpigmentation is entirely possible with modern dermatological interventions, taking steps to prevent its onset is equally crucial. Prevention not only helps in maintaining an even complexion but also reduces the need for subsequent treatments.
Sun Protection: At the forefront of prevention is diligent sun protection. The sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays are a primary culprit behind the overproduction of melanin. To guard against this, it’s vital to wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30 every day. This applies even on overcast days, as UV rays can penetrate clouds. Moreover, it’s beneficial to reapply sunscreen every two hours, especially after sweating or swimming. Apart from sunscreen, protective measures like wearing wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and long-sleeved clothing can further shield the skin from direct sun exposure.
Antioxidant-Rich Skincare: Environmental factors, such as pollution and free radicals, can exacerbate skin pigmentation issues. Using skincare products enriched with antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, and ferulic acid can offer a protective layer against these external aggressors. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals and, when combined with sunscreen, provide a comprehensive defense against factors that can lead to hyperpigmentation.
Avoiding Skin Irritants: One of the overlooked aspects of hyperpigmentation prevention is the avoidance of skin irritants. Products with harsh ingredients can lead to skin inflammation, which can subsequently result in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. It’s advisable to patch-test any new skincare product before full application. If irritation or redness occurs, it’s best to discontinue use.
Gentle Skincare Routine: Being gentle with one’s skin goes a long way in preventing hyperpigmentation. Over-exfoliating or using aggressive skincare treatments can damage the skin barrier, making it more susceptible to pigmentation issues. It’s essential to maintain a balanced skincare routine, giving importance to hydration and barrier repair.
Popular Treatments
Products highly recommended
- ZO Skin health 2% hydroquinone
- Hydroquinone Program
- Alumier brightening collection kit
- Addresses skin discoloration, the signs of acne anti aging